منابع
جهانیفر، م؛ خدایی، ا؛ یونسی، ج و موسوی، س. (1396). نقش هموارسازی در تبدیل غیرخطی نمرههای خام به نمرههای مقیاس نرمال. مطالعات اندازهگیری و ارزشیابی آموزشی. 7(20). 103-133.
کروندی رنانی، م؛ صالحی، ک و خدایی، ا. (1405). فراسوی عینیت مکانیکی: چالشهای عینیت و راهکارهای نوین در پذیرش دانشجو. فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامهریزی در آموزش عالی. e729749.
References
American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Educational Research Association.
Borsboom, D., & Wijsen, L. D. (2016). Frankenstein’s validity monster: The value of keeping politics and science separated. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 23(2), 281-283.
Borsboom, D., Mellenbergh, G. J., & van Heerden, J. (2004). The Concept of Validity. Psychological Review, 111(4), 1061-1071.
Crocker, L. & Algina, J. (1986) Introduction to Classical and Modern Test Theory. Harcourt, New York, 527.
Cronbach, L. J. (1988). Five perspectives on the validity argument. In Test validity. (pp. 3-17). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281-302.
Duhem, P. (2021). The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Jahanifar,M, Khodaie,E, Yunesi,J and Musavi,S A . (2018). Smoothing methods role in raw scores Non-linear transformation to Normalized scale scores. Educational Measurement and Evaluation Studies, 7(20), 103-133. (Persian)
Kane, M. (2012). All validity is construct validity. Or is it? Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 10(1-2), 66-70.
Kane, M. T. (2006). Validation. In R. L. Brennan (Ed.), Educational measurement (Fourth Edition ed., pp. 17-64).
Kane, M. T. (2013). Validating the Interpretations and Uses of Test Scores. Journal of Educational Measurement, 50(1), 1-73.
Kane, M. T. (2016). Validity as the evaluation of the claims based on test scores. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 23(2), 309-311.
Karvandi Renani,M , Salehi,K and Khodaie,E . (2026). Moving Beyond Mechanical Objectivity: Addressing the Challenges and Exploring Novel Solutions in Iranian University Admissions. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 32(2), 165-187.
Kelley, T. L. (1927). Interpretation of educational measurements. World Book Co.
Kim, J.-E. (2025). What makes a killer question killer? A text mining analysis of high-difficulty questions in the Korean CSAT English section. English Teaching, 80(3), 3–22.
Kim, Y. (2023, December 17). South Korea to reform education system by removing “killer questions” from Suneung. The Herald Insight.
Majone, G. (1989). Evidence, Argument, and Persuasion in the Policy Process. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Markus, K. A., Borsboom, D. (2013). Frontiers in test validity theory : measurement, causation, and meaning (1st edition ed.). Routledge.
Messick, S. (1989). Validity. In R. Linn (Ed.), Educational Measurement (3rd ed.) (pp. pp. 13–100). American Council on Education.
Newton, P. E., & Shaw, S. D. (2014). Validity in Educational & Psychological Assessment.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Yeung, J., & Seo, Y. (2023, July 1). South Korea is cutting ‘killer questions’ from an 8-hour exam some blame for a fertility rate crisis. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/01/asia/south-korea-college-exam-fertility-pressure-intl-hnk-dst