سنجش روانی تربیتی

سنجش روانی تربیتی

مقیاس ملی مهارت‌های زندگی نوجوانان: ساخت نسخه‌ی مقدماتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
گروه روانشناسی کاربردی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
زمینه: ارزیابی سطح مهارت‌های زندگی نوجوانان، راهبردی اساسی برای برنامه­ریزی ارتقای سلامت روان­شناختی و تسهیل جامعه‌پذیری آنان است. این پژوهش با هدف ساخت و بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس سنجش مهارت‌های زندگی نوجوانان ایرانی در دانش‌آموزان تهران انجام شد.
روش: جامعه شامل تمامی دانش‌آموزان متوسطه تهران در سال تحصیلی ۱۴۰۲-۱۴۰۳ بود. در مرحله مقدماتی، ۲۰۰ دانش‌آموز جهت تحلیل آیتم‌ها و بررسی روایی صوری (با بحث گروهی نیمه‌ساختاریافته) انتخاب شدند. در مرحله نهایی، پرسش‌نامه ۸۰ آیتمی روی ۸۰۰ دانش‌آموز (۴۰۰ دختر، ۴۰۰ پسر) اجرا گردید. داده‌ها با روش سولومون به دو نیمه همتای اکتشافی و تأییدی تقسیم و تحلیل‌ها با روش‌های عاملی اکتشافی، تأییدی، مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری اکتشافی و آزمون تغییرناپذیری اندازه‌گیری در محیط نرم‌افزارهای آر و ام پلاس انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی پنج عامل (مهارت‌های شناختی، کنترل خشم، همدلی، مقابله با استرس و ارتباط بین‌فردی) را شناسایی کرد که ۳۲ درصد واریانس کل را تبیین نمودند. در مقایسه الگوها، مدل پیشرفته اکتشافی دوعاملی صریح‌ترین و بهترین شاخص‌های برازش را کسب کرد و ساختار نهایی شد. آلفای کرونباخ (0/60 تا 0/86) و ضریب امگا (0/72 تا 0/87) همسانی درونی بهینه را تأیید کردند. پنج خرده‌مقیاس شناختی به دلیل یکدستی جامعه‌پذیری آموزشی در یک عامل ادغام شدند. خرده‌مقیاس همدلی به دلیل خودتنظیمی هیجانی نوجوانی و پیشگیری از اشباع عاطفی، همبستگی معکوس و معناداری (0/17-r=) با عامل کلی داشت. آزمون فرضیه‌ها الگوی تغییرناپذیری را میان دانش ­آموزان دختر و پسر تأیید کرد.
نتیجه‌گیری: مقیاس ملی مهارت­ های زندگی نوجوانان از روایی سازه، همگرا و پایایی مطلوبی برخوردار است و ابزاری استاندارد برای پژوهش‌های تحولی و غربالگری‌های تربیتی محسوب می‌شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Preliminary Version of Life Skills Scale for Iranian Adolescents

نویسندگان English

saeed Akbari Zardkhaneh
mona zamani
Jalil Fathabadi
Amir Hossein Daneshmand Kafteroudi
AmirArsalan Ahmadpour Mohammadi
Department of Applied Psychology, Psychology and Educational Science Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Background: Assessing the level of life skills of adolescents is a fundamental strategy for planning to promote psychological health and facilitate their socialization. This study aimed to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Iranian Adolescent Life Skills Scale in students.
Method: The population included all high school students in Tehran in the academic year 1402-1403. In the preliminary stage, 200 students were selected for item analysis and face validity (with semi-structured group discussion). In the final stage, an 80-item questionnaire was administered to 800 students (400 girls, 400 boys). The data were divided into two halves, exploratory and confirmatory, using the Solomon method, and analyses were conducted using exploratory and confirmatory factor methods, exploratory structural equation modeling, and measurement invariance testing in the R&M Plus software environment.
Results: Exploratory factor analysis identified five factors (cognitive skills, anger control, empathy, stress coping, and interpersonal communication) that explained 32% of the total variance. In comparing the models, the advanced two-factor exploratory model obtained the most explicit and best fit indices, and the structure was finalized. Cronbach's alpha (0.60 to 0.86) and omega coefficient (0.72 to 0.87) confirmed the optimal internal consistency. The five cognitive subscales were merged into one factor due to the homogeneity of educational socialization. The empathy subscale had a significant inverse correlation (r=-0.17) with the general factor due to adolescent emotional self-regulation and prevention of emotional saturation. Hypothesis testing confirmed the invariant pattern between male and female students.
Conclusion: The National Adolescent Life Skills Scale has good construct validity, convergent validity, and reliability, and is considered a standard tool for developmental research and educational screening.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Adolescent life skills
Scale Development
Factor analysis
Exploratory
Confirmatory
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  • تاریخ دریافت 21 مرداد 1404
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