Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculity of Psychology and Educational Science, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
2
M.A. in Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
Abstract
Child-to-parent violence has become an escalating concern within families and has attracted growing attention from psychologists; nonetheless, validated instruments for measuring this construct are scarce in Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of a Child-to-parent violence Scale (CPVS) in an Iranian adolescent sample. Using a descriptive–correlational design with a psychometric emphasis, the study sampled 424 secondary school students from Hamadan, including 234 boys and 190 girls; 205 participants completed the questionnaire with reference to their mother and 219 with reference to their father. Reliability was examined via test–retest and Cronbach’s alpha, producing alpha coefficients of 0.85 for the psychological abuse subscale, 0.74 for the physical abuse subscale, and 0.85 for the total scale, indicative of satisfactory internal consistency. To increase the precision of reliability estimates, McDonald’s omega was also calculated, yielding omega values of 0.85 for psychological abuse, 0.72 for physical abuse, and 0.83 for the overall instrument. Content validity was supported through qualitative expert review and quantitative indices: all items exceeded a CVR threshold of 0.80 and a CVI threshold of 0.90. Construct validity was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), in which eight goodness-of-fit indices fell within acceptable ranges, confirming the proposed factor structure. Measurement invariance testing demonstrated that the measurement model was stable and equivalent across child gender groups (boys versus girls) and across reports concerning each parent, suggesting comparable functioning across subgroups. Overall, results indicate that the questionnaire possesses acceptable psychometric properties and may be employed in research, screening, and intervention planning for parental abuse among Iranian adolescents and public policy development nationwide.
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